pierid cabbage butterfly differs sufficiently large size.Males reach 55 mm, females slightly larger - up to 60 mm wingspan.Pieris brassicae L. is considered malicious vegetable garden pest, destroying crops of cultivated plants and other cruciferous.What are the methods to combat these insects?Where is home to these butterflies, how they look, how to develop?On this and many other later in the article.
Generations
In the hot season, and in the southern areas of developing, as a rule, three generations, in the north - two.The first comes in the southern regions by the end of April and beginning of May, in the north - by the end of May and beginning of June.More numerous second generation appear in July and August.Butterflies fly to the end of September.The third generation in the southern regions can be mixed with the second.However, in general, individuals of the third age of the plant and crawl live farther apart from the others and may be delayed until October.
cycle of cabbage Belyanko
pupal stage cabbage pierid overwinter on tree trunks, bushes, fences, building walls and other surfaces.After a short period of time after the departure of individuals begin to lay eggs mainly on the underside of cabbage leaves and other cultural and weed cruciferous vegetable plants.Eggs are laid in groups of females fifteen to two hundred pieces in a heap.After six or thirteen days caterpillars are beginning to emerge.First-time young individuals live together.Caterpillars molt four times.Duration of the stage is dependent on weather conditions.The cycle duration is in the range 13-38 days.Between molts during this time span is three to seven days.Pupae butterflies are, on average, after 10-17 days.This new generation lays eggs in late July-early August (in the middle lane).If not carried out the processing of crops and fighting appeared the first individuals, then should begin to grow and develop in large numbers.In the southern regions (Central Asia), the pest has three or four, and in some areas (in the Caucasus, for example) to five generations.
Areal
Cabbage pierid distributed widely throughout the Eastern European territory.Also, members of a species can be found in the temperate zone of Asia, in eastern regions to Japan, as well as in North Africa.In 1993, the penetration of the individuals mentioned in the Southern Primorye.Cabbage pierid was brought to Panama and Chile.In areas located north of the Arctic Circle area, it can be found mainly migrantnyh individuals.Favorite places members of the species are roadsides, forest edges, parks, gardens, meadows, forest belt along the railway.Also cabbage common in localities where there are cultivated cruciferous plants.It should, however, say that the geographic spread butterflies limited temperature conditions.For overwintering pupae at -20 degrees dying in large enough quantities.The optimum temperature for the growth of individuals considered to be 20-26 degrees above zero.In very hot climates (more than 35-38 degrees) slows down the development Belyanko cabbage or she dies.Very widespread pest in the territory of Russia, except, perhaps, the area of Siberia and the Far North.There it is complicated by the presence and development of sufficiently low temperatures and severe climatic conditions.
Description
Cabbage pierid has wings white.The corners of the front are painted in black, and rear - a dark smear on the forefront surface.The females have distinctive features.In particular, on their two front wings are arranged round black spots.Eggs - yellow are bottle-shape.Their height is of the order of 1.25 mm.On the surface of eggs reviewed longitudinal ribs.Gray-green caterpillars have shestnadtsatitinogie Body dark brown spots and dots, which are grouped into a relatively flat transverse rows.On the sides of the body and along the back are yellow (lighter on the back than on the sides) of the strip.The body of the caterpillar is covered with hairs and bristles.Head black juveniles and adults is covered with light spots.The length of the caterpillar can reach up to 35-40 mm.Individuals age of first light green, and their body is covered with black warts.Dolly has an angular shape, a greenish-yellow color, the black dots on the sides and back.
Power
Cabbage pierid eating cruciferous vegetables.Young caterpillars, being the first time together, eating flesh from the bottom of the leaves, leaving the top skin.Further, individuals crawl around the plant.Cabbage begins to consume the leaves mainly from the edges, adult caterpillars crawl on the top surface.They gnaw the flesh, leaving only the coarse veins.Butterflies prefer to fly in the daytime.They eat (except pulp leaves) nectar plants.Large concentrations of birds can be found in areas protected from the wind and located not far from the fence, tree plantations.In vast areas planted with cabbage pest is usually settles on the edges of the field.
harm
Caterpillars damage the cabbage leaves, damage radishes, turnips, rutabagas and other crops.They can also eat the plants of other families such as nasturtium, mignonette, capers.In addition, the allocation of the glands of the body caterpillars provoke irritation to the human body.Registered even individual cases of poisoning and death of birds feed on these caterpillars.The greatest harm to cabbage pierid brings in the western and north-western regions of Russia.
pest.Parasitic insects
There are different ways of killing cabbage Belyanko.In particular, one of the most effective are the insect pests.Of particular importance is the rider melkobryuh that lays the body of young caterpillars eggs, sometimes up to a dozen in a single individual.From eggs larvae appear.They feed on caterpillars body tissues, causing them to death.Infected individuals develop normally at first but then become less mobile, acquiring a yellowish tint.Upon reaching a certain age begin parasites pierce body caterpillar creeping out.Near dying individuals they begin to weave their cocoons in which to pupate and then turn into adult parasites.The studies found that the rider could affect up to 90% cabbage.In this regard for effective control of their gardens pest in the process of manual data collection is necessary to leave the caterpillars cocoon parasites for further breeding in the natural environment, or to collect and transfer them in the most populated places caterpillars.
Other ways
reproduction and development of butterflies largely prevent various diseases.For example, commonly used bacterial culture wax moth, which provokes the illness and subsequent death of caterpillars.Of particular importance among the bacteriological pathologies has flyasheriya.Caterpillars affected by it, fail to grow and become lemon yellow and die quickly.Inside the tissue of infected individuals turn into mush.Eggs Belyanko may also appear one of the races of Trichogramma (oviphages).
One of the simplest methods of destruction Belyanko butterfly is considered a regular inspection of the lower surface of the leaves of cruciferous plants, crushing of eggs.Use hand-picking the caterpillars and their destruction.In addition, today issued a lot of insecticides.Their primenyayutdlya future crop spraying early in the season to prevent the appearance of pests, as well as their first appearances for the destruction of young animals.Processing plant prevents further growth of larvae and leaf crops protected from damage.
